圣经中描述的逾越节的起源是什么？
当我们穿越神圣的经文时，逾越节的起源，或希伯来语中已知的比萨克，在出埃及记中生动地展开。 这个开创性的事件不仅仅是一个历史的叙述。 是A 神圣 叙事 imbued with deep spiritual significance. The story begins with the Israelites enduring severe oppression under Pharaoh’s harsh rule in Egypt. Their cries for liberation ascend to the heavens, and God, in His infinite compassion and resolute justice, decides to intervene.
The origin of Passover is deeply rooted in the story of the Israelites’ liberation from slavery in Egypt. This pivotal event shaped the identity and faith of the Jewish people. The book of Exodus recounts how God called Moses to lead the Israelites out of bondage.
When Pharaoh refused to release the Israelites, God sent a series of plagues upon Egypt. The final and most severe plague was the death of the firstborn. To protect the Israelites from this plague, God instructed them to sacrifice a lamb and mark their doorposts with its blood. This act of faith and obedience allowed the angel of death to “pass over” their homes, sparing their firstborn.
The name “Passover” comes from this passing over of the Israelite homes. In Hebrew, it is called “Pesach,” which means “to pass over” or “to spare.” God commanded the Israelites to commemorate this event annually as a lasting ordinance.
The first Passover marked the beginning of the Exodus, the Israelites’ journey from slavery to freedom. It symbolized God’s mighty act of deliverance and the birth of Israel as a nation. This event became the foundation of Jewish identity and faith.
逾越节也有农业根源。 这恰逢以色列春季收获的开始。 该节日纳入了早期春季庆祝活动的元素，将民族救赎的主题与自然的更新联系起来。
圣经提出逾越节为后来的弥赛亚期望奠定了基础。
几个世纪以来，逾越节在遵守过程中不断发展。 礼拜在耶路撒冷的集中导致了朝圣的做法。 在寺庙被摧毁后，以家庭为基础的Seder餐成为庆祝活动的焦点。
God commands that this observance becomes an annual tradition, a perpetual statute throughout generations (Exodus 12:14). It is not only a commemoration of past deliverance but also an invitation to reflect on God’s 持久的忠诚, His power to save, and His call to remember one’s identity and purpose as His people.Â
圣经如何描述第一次逾越节？
圣经详细介绍了出埃及记第12章逾越节。 这个描述是所有未来逾越节纪念活动的基础。 让我们谨慎和崇敬地审视这一叙事的关键要素。
God speaks to Moses and Aaron, giving them precise instructions for the Israelites. The timing is major – it occurs on the tenth day of the first month. This marks a new beginning in Israel’s calendar, symbolizing their rebirth as a free people.
每个家庭都选择一只没有瑕疵的羔羊或小山羊。 动物将被保存四天，也许是为了让时间仔细检查，并与牺牲建立联系。 月的十四日，在黄昏的时候，以色列的整个集会都要宰杀他们的羔羊。
羊肉的血液起着至关重要的作用。 它适用于每个以色列家庭的门柱和林特尔。 這種信仰行為標誌著他們的住所，將他們與埃及人區分開來。 血液成为保护和拯救的标志。
God instructs the people to roast the lamb whole over a fire. It is to be eaten with bitter herbs and unleavened bread. These elements carry symbolic meaning – the bitterness of slavery and the haste of their departure. Nothing of the lamb is to remain until morning; any leftovers must be burned.
The Israelites are to eat this meal in a state of readiness – with their cloaks tucked into their belts, sandals on their feet, and staff in hand. This posture of preparedness anticipates their imminent departure from Egypt.
During that night, God passes through Egypt, striking down the firstborn of both humans and animals. But where the blood is applied, death passes over. This dramatic event fulfills God’s promise of judgment and deliverance.
The Bible describes the Egyptians’ urgent plea for the Israelites to leave, giving them silver, gold, and clothing. The Israelites depart in haste, their dough not yet leavened. A mixed multitude goes with them, suggesting the inclusive nature of God’s deliverance.
第一次逾越节既是一个庄严的仪式，也是戏剧性的时刻。 它标志着几个世纪奴隶制的结束和一个民族的诞生。 圣经把它描绘成一个仰望主的夜晚，为子孙后代纪念。
The description emphasizes obedience, faith, and community. Every detail carries significance, forming a vast web of meaning. This event becomes the paradigm for understanding God’s saving work throughout history.
(Adams, 2009; “Chapter 12.21-27: Moses Instructs the Israelites about the Passover,” 2020; Prosic, 1999, pp. 78–94; Thames, 2019, pp. 18–3)
逾越节是以色列人的象征？
对于以色列人来说，逾越节富含象征意义，涉及他们身份和信仰的各个方面。 让我们用历史学家和精神指南的眼睛来探索这些符号。
Passover symbolized liberation. It commemorated the Israelites’ deliverance from slavery in Egypt. This was not merely a historical memory, but a living reality to be experienced anew by each generation. The festival invited participants to see themselves as personally coming out of Egypt.
Passover also symbolized God’s faithfulness to His covenant promises. It reminded the people of God’s mighty acts on their behalf, fulfilling the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This reinforced their identity as God’s chosen people and strengthened their trust in divine providence.
The lamb sacrificed at Passover symbolized redemption through substitution. Its blood, applied to the doorposts, represented protection from judgment. This concept of vicarious atonement would later find deeper expression in Israel’s sacrificial system and, for Christians, in the death of Jesus.
The unleavened bread of Passover carried multiple meanings. It recalled the haste of the Exodus, when there was no time for dough to rise. It also symbolized a new beginning, free from the “leaven” of Egypt’s influence. In later tradition, it came to represent purity and simplicity of heart.
苦涩的草药象征着奴隶制的艰辛，确保即使在自由时期也不会忘记痛苦的记忆。 这有助于培养对被压迫者的同情心和对救赎的感激。
The Passover meal as a whole symbolized communion – with God and with the community. Eating together in a prescribed manner reinforced social bonds and religious identity. It was a time for families to gather and for the story of redemption to be passed down.
对于以色列人来说，逾越节也象征着新的创造。 正如上帝在七天内创造了世界一样，逾越节的七天代表了国家的一个新开端。 节日标志着他们的宗教日历的开始，标志着一个新的开始。
逾越节象征着未来救赎的希望。 当他们想起过去的救赎时，以色列人盼望着将来会有更大的救恩。 这种弥赛亚的期望给了节日一个末世论的维度。
The symbolism of Passover extended to nature as well. Occurring in spring, it coincided with the barley harvest. This connected Israel’s national redemption with the renewal of creation, emphasizing God’s sovereignty over both history and nature.
In its ethical dimension, Passover symbolized the responsibility that came with freedom. The Israelites were reminded that they were liberated not just from something, but for something – to serve God and to create a just society.
(NIESIOÅOWSKI-SPANÃ’, 2020; Prosic, 1999, pp. 78–94, 2005, 2010, pp. 727–736; Walls, 2024)
耶稣如何与新约中的逾越节联系起来？
In the New Testament, Jesus is profoundly connected to the Passover, both in the events of his life and in the theological interpretation of his death and resurrection. This connection bridges the Old and New Testaments, revealing a deep continuity in God’s plan of salvation.
The Gospels deliberately set Jesus’ last days in the context of Passover. He enters Jerusalem as the crowds gather for the festival. The Last Supper is presented as a Passover meal, though there are some chronological differences between the Synoptic Gospels and John’s account.
在最后的晚餐中，耶稣重新诠释了逾越节饭的元素。 他拿面包和葡萄酒，Seder的主食，并用新的意义投资它们。 面包变成了他的身体，葡萄酒成为他的血液。 逾越节符号的这种转变表明耶稣是旧约的实现和新约的就职典礼。
Paul explicitly identifies Jesus as “our Passover lamb” in 1 Corinthians 5:7. This powerful metaphor draws a direct line between the lambs sacrificed in Egypt and Christ’s sacrificial death. Just as the blood of the Passover lamb brought deliverance to Israel, so the blood of Christ is seen as bringing salvation to believers.
The timing of Jesus’ crucifixion is major. John’s Gospel places it at the very hour when the Passover lambs were being slaughtered in the Temple. This chronology reinforces the identification of Jesus with the Passover sacrifice.
Jesus’ words at the Last Supper about not drinking wine again until the coming of God’s kingdom echo the forward-looking aspect of Passover. Just as the Seder looks ahead to future redemption, so Jesus points to the eschatological banquet.
The theme of liberation in Passover finds new expression in Jesus’ ministry. His proclamation of release to captives and freedom for the oppressed (Luke 4:18-19) resonates with the Exodus motif. His healings and exorcisms are seen as acts of liberation from various forms of bondage.
The early church saw in Jesus’ resurrection a new Exodus. Just as God had brought Israel out of Egypt, so Christ leads believers out of death into new life. This parallel shapes much of New Testament theology, especially in Paul’s letters.
The practice of the Lord’s Supper in the early church drew heavily on Passover symbolism. It became a memorial meal that looked back to Christ’s death and forward to his return, much as Passover remembered the Exodus and anticipated future redemption.
Jesus’ teaching often alludes to Passover themes. His discourse on the bread of life in John 6 follows the feeding of the 5000, which John notes took place near the time of Passover. Here, Jesus presents himself as the true manna, greater than that given in the wilderness.
In the book of Revelation, imagery of the Lamb connects Christ’s sacrificial death with the final victory over evil. This blends Passover symbolism with apocalyptic expectations, showing how deeply the Exodus narrative shaped early Christian thought.
(Azar, 2015; Balentine, 1962, pp. 27–41; Boulton, 2013, pp. 18–29; Marcus, 2013, pp. 303–324)
逾越节饭的主要内容是什么及其含义？
逾越节餐，或Seder，富含象征性的元素，讲述出埃及记的故事，传达深刻的精神真理。 让我们以崇敬的态度探索这些元素，了解它们对犹太传统和基督教反思的意义。
Central to the Seder is the Passover lamb. In ancient times, this was sacrificed and eaten to recall the lambs whose blood protected the Israelites. It symbolizes God’s deliverance and the cost of redemption. For Christians, this points to Christ as the ultimate Passover lamb.
Unleavened bread, or matzah, is a key element. It recalls the haste of the Israelites’ departure, when there was no time for dough to rise. It symbolizes simplicity, humility, and freedom from corruption. The breaking of the matzah can represent sharing and unity.
苦味草药，通常是马草或生菜，象征奴隶制的苦涩。 品尝这些草药可以让参与者以很小的方式体验祖先的痛苦。 这培养了对自由的同情和感激。
Charoset是水果和坚果的甜蜜混合物，代表了以色列人在强迫劳动中使用的迫击炮。 它的甜蜜，与苦涩的草药形成鲜明对比，表明即使在困难中，希望仍然存在。 它可以象征救赎的甜蜜。
桌子上的盐水让人想起埃及流下的眼泪。 在这种水中浸泡蔬菜将自然生长周期与救赎的故事联系起来。 它提醒我们，新生活往往从痛苦中浮现出来。
烤鸡蛋有多种解释。 它可以象征生命的循环，存在的整体性，或圣殿时代的额外节日。 它在Seder盘子上的存在为仪式增添了意义层。
Four cups of wine are drunk at specified points in the Seder. These correspond to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6-7. They mark the stages of liberation and God’s fulfilled promises. The cup of Elijah expresses hope for future redemption.
Seder板本身，安排这些元素，成为出埃及记故事的视觉表现。 它的圆形形状可以表明历史的周期性质和对解放的持续需求。
Reclining while eating is customary, symbolizing the luxury of freedom. This posture contrasts with the slave’s need to eat quickly while standing. It embodies the transition from servitude to liberty.
讲述这个故事，或Maggid，是一个关键的元素。 这符合圣经的命令，向每一代人讲述出埃及记。 它通常遵循问答格式，让所有参与者参与到叙述中。
这些元素聚集在一起，创造了一种多感官体验。 他们参与视觉，味道，气味和触摸，使救赎的故事有形。 这种整体方法有助于内化逾越节的教训。
For both Jews and Christians, these elements invite reflection on themes of freedom, gratitude, and responsibility. They remind us of God’s saving acts in history and call us to work for the liberation of all who are oppressed.
(Avieli & Markowitz, 2021, pp. 724–739; Benâ€Lulu, 2022, pp. 49–69; Greenspahn, 2016, pp. 375–387; Kosek, 2019)
我理解你正在寻求关于基督徒理解和遵守逾越节的问题的详细答案，它与复活节的关系，以及与现代犹太人庆祝活动的比较。 我会尽我所能以你所要求的风格提供深思熟虑的回应，利用可用的信息。 让我依次回答每个问题：
早期基督徒如何理解和遵守逾越节？
In the early days of Christianity, there was a powerful connection to the Jewish roots of our faith. The first followers of Jesus were Jews who continued to observe many Jewish customs, including Passover. But their understanding of Passover took on new meaning in light of Christ’s death and resurrection.
对于这些早期的基督徒来说，逾越节与逾越节期间发生的最后晚餐密切相关。 他们认为耶稣是最后的逾越节羔羊，他的牺牲从罪和死亡中解脱出来。 这种重新解释赋予逾越节一个明显的基督教特征，同时保持与犹太血统的联系。
In the beginning, many Christian communities continued to celebrate Passover on the 14th of Nisan, the date prescribed in the Jewish calendar. This practice, known as Quartodecimanism, persisted in some areas until the 4th century. These Christians saw their observance as a memorial of Christ’s death.
But tensions arose between this practice and the developing tradition of celebrating Christ’s resurrection on Sunday. Gradually, most Christian communities shifted to observing Easter on the Sunday following Passover. This change reflected a desire to distinguish Christian practice from Judaism while preserving the theological connection.
Early Christian Passover observances likely included elements familiar from Jewish tradition – unleavened bread, bitter herbs, retelling the Exodus story. But they reinterpreted these symbols in light of Christ. The unleavened bread became his body, the wine his blood. The Exodus story prefigured salvation through Christ.
这些早期的庆祝活动可能是家庭中的亲密聚会，以共用餐为中心。 他们把庄严的记忆与对救赎的喜悦感激结合起来。 随着基督教的传播，实践多样化。 一些社区与犹太习俗保持着更密切的联系，而另一些社区则发展出不同的礼仪。
到4世纪，尼西亚理事会试图标准化复活节纪念活动。 这标志着犹太逾越节时间的进一步分离。 然而，神学和象征性联系在基督徒的理解中仍然很重要。
教父们对逾越节的意义有何教导？
Many Church Fathers emphasized the typological relationship between Passover and Christ’s passion. They saw the Passover lamb as a prefiguration of Jesus, the Lamb of God. Just as the blood of the lamb protected the Israelites, so Christ’s blood saves believers. This parallel gave Passover deep Christological meaning.
Melito of Sardis, in his “On Pascha,” beautifully expresses this connection: “The sheep is slain, and by its blood the people are saved.” He portrays Christ as the true Passover, fulfilling and surpassing the old covenant celebration. This interpretation became central to Christian understanding.
The Fathers also saw Passover as a symbol of spiritual liberation. Just as God freed the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, Christ frees humanity from bondage to sin and death. Augustine writes, “The Passover of the Jews was in truth a prophecy of Christ… The sacrifice of the lamb was a prophesying of the future sacrifice of Christ.”
许多父亲在出埃及之旅和基督徒生活之间画出相似之处。 他们将洗礼视为一种红海过境点，标志着精神朝圣的开始。 荒野的流浪象征着地上生命的挑战，然后到达应许的天堂之地。
The unleavened bread of Passover took on new significance. It represented purity and sincerity in Christian life. Paul’s exhortation to “celebrate the festival, not with the old yeast… But with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth” (1 Corinthians 5:8) was frequently cited.
Some Fathers, like John Chrysostom, used Passover themes to encourage moral reform. They called believers to a spiritual “exodus” from sinful ways. The Passover story became a powerful metaphor for ongoing conversion and sanctification.
父亲们也把逾越节视为教会的统一力量。 正如逾越节将以色列人作为一个民族捆绑在一起一样，基督徒Pascha（复活节）将信徒团结在基督里。 这一公共方面在礼仪庆祝活动中得到了强调。
他们的教义为后来几个世纪发展起来的丰富的帕夏尔神学奠定了基础。 他们帮助将逾越节从纯犹太人的遵守转变为基督教信仰的核心奥秘。
逾越节与基督教传统中的复活节有什么关系？
在基督教传统中，逾越节和复活节是紧密相连的，但与众不同。 这两个仪式之间的关系是复杂的，反映了基督徒对救恩历史的理解的连续性和转变。
At the most basic level, the timing of Easter is determined in relation to Passover. The Last Supper, which instituted the Eucharist, was a Passover meal. Christ’s crucifixion occurred during the Passover festival. This historical connection ensures an ongoing link between the two observances.
Theologically, Christians see Easter as the fulfillment of Passover’s promise. The Exodus story of liberation from slavery becomes a foreshadowing of humanity’s redemption through Christ. Saint Paul expresses this clearly: “For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7).
Many elements of the Passover seder find echoes in Christian Easter celebrations. The unleavened bread recalls Christ’s body, given for us. The wine evokes his blood, shed for our salvation. The bitter herbs can symbolize the bitterness of his passion. Even the egg on the seder plate finds a parallel in Easter egg traditions.
The theme of passage or transition is central to both observances. Passover commemorates the Israelites’ journey from slavery to freedom. Easter celebrates humanity’s passage from death to life through Christ’s resurrection. Both involve a night of vigil and anticipation.
In the early Church, as we’ve discussed, some Christians continued to observe Passover alongside Easter. Over time, But most Christian communities developed distinct Paschal (Easter) traditions. These often incorporated Passover themes while emphasizing Christ’s resurrection.
The Easter Vigil liturgy, in particular, draws heavily on Passover symbolism. The lighting of the Paschal candle echoes the Passover tradition of kindling lights. The Exsultet, sung at the vigil, explicitly connects Christ’s resurrection to the Exodus: “This is the night when you brought our fathers, the children of Israel, out of bondage in Egypt.”
Some Christian communities have revived the practice of holding Passover-inspired meals during Holy Week. These “Christian seders” aim to connect believers with the Jewish roots of their faith and deepen understanding of the Last Supper’s context.
While Christians see Easter as fulfilling Passover’s promise, this should not be understood as superseding or negating Jewish observance. Rather, it reflects the Christian interpretation of God’s ongoing work of salvation.
The Passover-Easter connection reminds us of the shared roots of Judaism and Christianity. It invites reflection on God’s faithfulness throughout history and the continuity of divine love and liberation.
基督徒可以从圣经的逾越节故事中学到什么教训？
The biblical Passover story offers rich spiritual lessons for Christians today. It speaks to us of God’s liberating power, the importance of remembrance, and our call to live as a redeemed people. Let us reflect on some key teachings we can draw from this ancient narrative.
Passover reminds us that God hears the cries of the oppressed. The Israelites’ groaning under slavery did not go unnoticed. This reassures us that God is attentive to human suffering. It challenges us to be equally attentive, to hear the cries of those marginalized in our world today.
The story teaches us about God’s mighty acts of deliverance. The plagues and the parting of the Red Sea demonstrate divine power overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles. This encourages us to trust in God’s ability to bring freedom and new life, even in the most desperate situations.
Passover emphasizes the importance of remembrance. The Israelites are commanded to observe the feast as a memorial throughout their generations. This teaches us the value of ritual and storytelling in preserving our identity as God’s people. It invites us to consider how we pass on our faith to future generations.
The use of signs and symbols in Passover – the lamb’s blood, unleavened bread, bitter herbs – shows how physical elements can convey spiritual truths. This principle underlies Christian sacramental theology. It reminds us that God works through material reality to communicate grace.
逾越节餐的社区性质凸显了信仰的企业维度。 救恩不只是個體，而是創造了一個約的團體。 这挑战了对基督教的任何过于个人主义的理解，并呼吁我们与他人团结一致地活出我们的信仰。
Passover’s theme of journey or pilgrimage resonates with the Christian understanding of life as a spiritual voyage. The Exodus journey from slavery to freedom parallels our own ongoing conversion. It reminds us that faith is not static but a dynamic process of growth and transformation.
The story’s focus on liberation invites us to examine what forms of bondage persist in our lives and societies. What are the “Egypts” from which we need deliverance? How can we participate in God’s liberating work for others?
Passover’s emphasis on the firstborn son foreshadows Christ’s role as the Father’s beloved Son, given for our redemption. It invites meditation on the costliness of our salvation and the depth of God’s love.
The haste with which the Israelites left Egypt, symbolized by the unleavened bread, speaks of the urgency of responding to God’s call. It challenges any complacency in our spiritual lives and encourages us to be ready to follow where God leads.
Finally, Passover teaches us about the continuity of God’s saving work throughout history. It connects us with our spiritual ancestors and reminds us that we are part of a much larger story of redemption. This gives us perspective and hope as we face the challenges of our own time.
现代犹太人和基督教逾越节庆祝活动有何不同？
现代犹太人和基督教对逾越节的遵守，虽然分享历史根源，但已发展出不同的特征。 理解这些差异可以丰富我们对传统的认识，促进宗教间对话。 让我们探讨与尊重和敏感度的一些关键对比。
时间是一个根本的区别。 犹太人在希伯来历中15日庆祝逾越节，通常在3月或4月下降。 基督徒，但不要直接遵守逾越节。 相反，他们庆祝复活节，这是根据逾越节决定的，但遵循不同的日历系统。
The focus of the celebrations differs significantly. For Jews, Passover primarily commemorates the Exodus from Egypt and God’s deliverance of the Israelites from slavery. Christians, while acknowledging this history, interpret Passover through the lens of Christ’s death and resurrection.
犹太逾越节围绕着Seder，一个充满象征性食物的仪式用餐和重述出埃及记的故事。 这个以家庭为基础的庆祝活动是逾越节纪念的核心。 相比之下，基督教复活节专注于教堂服务，特别是复活节守夜和复活节星期日礼仪。
犹太传统中的Seder盘子包含特定的象征性物品： 苦味草药，烤鸡蛋，charoset（水果和坚果混合物），羊腿骨等。 这些明显地代表了出埃及记故事的元素。 基督教庆祝活动可能包含一些逾越节符号，但它们不是相同的中心。
逾越节Haggadah引导犹太家庭通过Seder仪式，提供祈祷，歌曲和仪式的顺序。 基督徒没有等同于复活节的文本，尽管礼仪教会遵循规定的阅读和仪式。
饮食习惯明显不同。 犹太人在逾越节期间只吃无酵面包(matzah)。 虽然一些基督徒可能会选择在圣周期间吃无酵面包，但这不是普遍或必要的实践。
纪念活动的持续时间各不相同。 逾越节在以色列持续七天，在侨民中持续八天。 基督教复活节季节(Eastertide)延长了50天，直到五旬节，尽管最激烈的庆祝活动集中在圣周和复活节星期日。
Jewish Passover retains the use of Hebrew in prayers and songs, connecting modern Jews with their ancestors’ language. Christian Easter services are typically conducted in the local vernacular, though some churches may incorporate Hebrew phrases.
儿童的作用略有不同。 在犹太人的Seder中，孩子们扮演着至关重要的角色，问四个问题并积极参与仪式。 虽然儿童参与基督教复活节庆祝活动，但他们的参与没有正式结构。
Finally, the theological interpretations diverge significantly. For Jews, Passover is about national identity, freedom, and God’s covenant with Israel. For Christians, while these themes are present, the focus is on Christ as the Paschal Lamb and the new covenant established through his death and resurrection.
这些差异反映了犹太教和基督教的独特历史发展。 然而，这两种传统继续在各自对这个古代解放故事的纪念中找到意义和更新。
0.5 分 ：0.5 个 点 ～～～